How France works

Why believe this?

Figures of one view and year of the diagram, with their sources and how they were computed, each under its own anchor. Back to Public money.

2 parts: 1 2

Why believe this?

18–29, received a month per person

€1,370Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,370

Why believe this?

18–29, receives

€89.7bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
What the household age group receives.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, Cash benefits + 18–29, Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€89.7 billion

Why believe this?

Cash benefits

€579.6bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The sum of the year's items of this kind.

Calculation

Computed as
Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits
From
Result
€579.6 billion

Why believe this?

Social protection

€693bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Old age, survivors, sickness and disability, family, unemployment, housing and social exclusion.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_exp (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=TE cofog99=GF10 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€693,028.8 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection

€707.5bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.

Calculation

Computed as
Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits + Social care and housing aid
From
Result
€707.5 billion

Why believe this?

Unemployment benefits

€46.1bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€46.1 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Other cash benefits

€147.7bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, column B (Ensemble), summed, signs dropped
Published
16 April 2026
It says
row 33, Ensemble: 38; row 34, Ensemble: 33.6; row 35, Ensemble: 33.9; row 36, Ensemble: 22.9; row 37, Ensemble: 19.3
As published
€147.7 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Unemployment benefits

€45.2bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Social protection × Unemployment benefits ÷ Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection
From
Result
€45.2 billion

Why believe this?

Other cash benefits

€144.7bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Social protection × Other cash benefits ÷ Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection
From
Result
€144.7 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, Cash benefits, per unit

€4,200Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column B (18-29 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€4,200
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

18–29, share of individuals

8%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's share of all individuals. Insee ranks people by the average age of the adults of their household; children count in their household's group.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column B (18-29 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
8.0%
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee

68.4Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Number of individuals, in millions.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
68
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

30-39 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee

20%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column C (30-39 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
20.0%
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

40-49 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee

25%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column D (40-49 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
25.0%
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

50-64 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee

26%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column E (50-64 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
26.0%
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

30-39 ans, Extended primary income, Insee

€53,500Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column C (30-39 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€53,500
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

40-49 ans, Extended primary income, Insee

€54,300Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column D (40-49 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€54,300
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

50-64 ans, Extended primary income, Insee

€57,100Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column E (50-64 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€57,100
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

18-29 ans, Prélèvements, Insee

€23,200Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column B (18-29 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€23,200
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

65 ans ou plus, Prélèvements, Insee

€14,600Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column F (65 ans ou plus)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€14,600
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Everyone, Prélèvements, Insee

€27,000Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column G (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€27,000
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

30-39 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee

€5,400Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column C (30-39 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€5,400
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

40-49 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee

€5,600Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column D (40-49 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€5,600
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

50-64 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee

€10,600Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column E (50-64 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€10,600
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

18-29 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee

€14,000Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column B (18-29 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€14,000
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

65 ans ou plus, Transferts non monétaires, Insee

€19,100Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column F (65 ans ou plus)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€19,100
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Everyone, Transferts non monétaires, Insee

€15,800Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column G (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€15,800
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

30-39 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee

€42,400Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column C (30-39 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€42,400
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

40-49 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee

€43,100Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column D (40-49 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€43,100
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

50-64 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee

€46,100Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column E (50-64 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€46,100
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Cash benefits, scale to everyone

100%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.

Calculation

Computed as
Cash benefits ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100
From
  • Cash benefits €592.2bn
  • 18–29, consumption units, millions 4.2
  • 18–29, Cash benefits, per unit €4,200
  • 30–39, consumption units, millions 7.9
  • 30–39, Cash benefits, per unit €5,400
  • 40–49, consumption units, millions 9.8
  • 40–49, Cash benefits, per unit €5,600
  • 50–64, consumption units, millions 13.4
  • 50–64, Cash benefits, per unit €10,600
  • 65 and over, consumption units, millions 11.7
  • 65 and over, Cash benefits, per unit €28,700
Result
100.0%

Why believe this?

Cash benefits

€592.2bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit for everyone times all units.

Calculation

Computed as
Everyone, Cash benefits, per unit × Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee ÷ 1000
From
  • Everyone, Cash benefits, per unit €12,600
  • Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee 47
Result
€592.2 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, consumption units, millions

9.8Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
Caveat
Units per person calibrated on Figure 1e: by least squares, the groups' per-unit amounts, weighted by their units, average to Insee's per-unit amounts for everyone on extended primary income, levies, cash benefits, non-cash transfers and income net of borrowing, each cell weighted by its rounding (±€50); the 30–39 and 40–49 share one ratio. Shares of individuals are rounded to the point, which this cannot correct.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.576 units per person
From
  • 40–49, share of individuals 25%
  • Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee 68.4
  • Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee 47
  • 18-29 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee 8%
  • 30-39 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee 20%
  • 40-49 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee 25%
  • 50-64 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee 26%
  • 65 ans ou plus, Part d'individus (en %), Insee 21%
  • Everyone, Part d'individus (en %), Insee 100%
  • 18-29 ans, Extended primary income, Insee €41,400
  • 30-39 ans, Extended primary income, Insee €53,500
  • 40-49 ans, Extended primary income, Insee €54,300
  • 50-64 ans, Extended primary income, Insee €57,100
  • 65 ans ou plus, Extended primary income, Insee €16,000
  • Everyone, Extended primary income, Insee €44,300
  • 18-29 ans, Prélèvements, Insee €23,200
  • 30-39 ans, Prélèvements, Insee €30,600
  • 40-49 ans, Prélèvements, Insee €31,500
  • 50-64 ans, Prélèvements, Insee €33,800
  • 65 ans ou plus, Prélèvements, Insee €14,600
  • Everyone, Prélèvements, Insee €27,000
  • 18-29 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee €4,200
  • 30-39 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee €5,400
  • 40-49 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee €5,600
  • 50-64 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee €10,600
  • 65 ans ou plus, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee €28,700
  • Everyone, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee €12,600
  • 18-29 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee €14,000
  • 30-39 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee €15,400
  • 40-49 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee €16,000
  • 50-64 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee €13,600
  • 65 ans ou plus, Transferts non monétaires, Insee €19,100
  • Everyone, Transferts non monétaires, Insee €15,800
  • 18-29 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee €35,400
  • 30-39 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee €42,400
  • 40-49 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee €43,100
  • 50-64 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee €46,100
  • 65 ans ou plus, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee €47,700
  • Everyone, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee €44,300
Result
10

Why believe this?

65 and over, share of individuals

21%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's share of all individuals. Insee ranks people by the average age of the adults of their household; children count in their household's group.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column F (65 ans ou plus)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
21.0%
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

65 and over, Cash benefits, per unit

€28,700Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column F (65 ans ou plus)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€28,700
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

18–29, Non-cash transfers

€72.2bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 18–29, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€72.2 billion

Why believe this?

Health care

€261.2bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Health × Health care ÷ Health care
From
Result
€261.2 billion

Why believe this?

Health

€261.2bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Hospitals, outpatient care and medicines.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_exp (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=TE cofog99=GF07 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€261,156.3 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Health care

€209.4bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€209.4 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Education

€148.6bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Education × Education ÷ Education
From
Result
€148.6 billion

Why believe this?

Education

€148.6bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Schools and universities.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_exp (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=TE cofog99=GF09 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€148,639.6 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Education

€128.1bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€128.1 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Culture and leisure

€43.1bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Recreation, culture and religion × Culture and leisure ÷ Culture and leisure
From
Result
€43.1 billion

Why believe this?

Culture and leisure

€52.6bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€52.6 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home

€433.7bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
The collective spending categories without the transfers to the rest of the world, which are drawn to Outside France.

Calculation

Computed as
Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies − EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) − International cooperation paid − Capital transfers to the rest of the world
From
  • Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies €467bn
  • EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) €22.3bn
  • International cooperation paid €10.3bn
  • Capital transfers to the rest of the world €760m
Result
€433,701.5 million

Why believe this?

General public services

€181.1bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Executive and legislative bodies, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs and debt interest.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_exp (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=TE cofog99=GF01 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€181,103.2 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Public order and safety

€52.1bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Police, justice, prisons and fire.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_exp (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=TE cofog99=GF03 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€52,113.0 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Environmental protection

€30.3bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Waste, water and pollution management.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_exp (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=TE cofog99=GF05 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€30,285.1 million · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-16, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources)

€22.3bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_main (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=D76PAY time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€22,281.0 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

International cooperation paid

€10.3bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_main (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=D74PAY time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€10,289.0 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Capital transfers to the rest of the world

€760mObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_main (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=D9PAY_S2 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€760.0 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06

€309.3bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.

Calculation

Computed as
Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production + Collective services
From
Result
€309.3 billion

Why believe this?

Subsidies on products

€31.8bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€31.8 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

18–29, Non-cash transfers

€59.5bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 18–29, Non-cash transfers, per unit €14,000
  • 18–29, consumption units, millions 4.2
  • Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone 100%
Result
€59.5 billion

Why believe this?

Everyone, Non-cash transfers, per unit

€15,800Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column G (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€15,800
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

30–39, Non-cash transfers, per unit

€15,400Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column C (30-39 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€15,400
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

40–49, Non-cash transfers, per unit

€16,000Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column D (40-49 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€16,000
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

50–64, Non-cash transfers, per unit

€13,600Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column E (50-64 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€13,600
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

18–29, Cash benefits

€16.8bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Cash benefits × 18–29, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits
From
Result
€16.8 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, Cash benefits

€17.2bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, Cash benefits, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 18–29, Cash benefits, per unit €4,200
  • 18–29, consumption units, millions 3.8
  • Cash benefits, scale to everyone 108.6%
Result
€17.2 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, consumption units, millions

3.8Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
Caveat
As if every group had the same units per person as everyone: the alternative to the calibration.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.687 units per person
From
  • 18–29, share of individuals 8%
  • Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee 68.4
  • Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee 47
Result
4

Why believe this?

30–39, consumption units, millions

9.4Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
Caveat
As if every group had the same units per person as everyone: the alternative to the calibration.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.687 units per person
From
  • 30–39, share of individuals 20%
  • Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee 68.4
  • Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee 47
Result
9

Why believe this?

50–64, consumption units, millions

12.2Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
Caveat
As if every group had the same units per person as everyone: the alternative to the calibration.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.687 units per person
From
  • 50–64, share of individuals 26%
  • Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee 68.4
  • Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee 47
Result
12

Why believe this?

65 and over, consumption units, millions

9.9Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.
Caveat
As if every group had the same units per person as everyone: the alternative to the calibration.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.687 units per person
From
  • 65 and over, share of individuals 21%
  • Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee 68.4
  • Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee 47
Result
10

Why believe this?

Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone

100.3%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.

Calculation

Computed as
Non-cash transfers ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100
From
  • Non-cash transfers €742.6bn
  • 18–29, consumption units, millions 3.8
  • 18–29, Non-cash transfers, per unit €14,000
  • 30–39, consumption units, millions 9.4
  • 30–39, Non-cash transfers, per unit €15,400
  • 40–49, consumption units, millions 11.8
  • 40–49, Non-cash transfers, per unit €16,000
  • 50–64, consumption units, millions 12.2
  • 50–64, Non-cash transfers, per unit €13,600
  • 65 and over, consumption units, millions 9.9
  • 65 and over, Non-cash transfers, per unit €19,100
Result
100.3%

Why believe this?

18–29, paid a month per person

€1,430Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,430

Why believe this?

18–29, Levies, net of subsidies

€93.6bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 18–29, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies
From
Result
€93.6 billion

Why believe this?

Taxes on products

€325.4bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Taxes on production and imports × Taxes on products ÷ Insee items in ESA D2, taxes on production and imports
From
Result
€325.4 billion

Why believe this?

Taxes on production and imports

€456.1bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
VAT, excise duties on energy, tobacco and alcohol, and taxes on payroll and on business property, as received by general government.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_main (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=D2REC time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€456,133.0 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Taxes on products

€318.6bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€318.6 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Insee items in ESA D2, taxes on production and imports

€446.6bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.

Calculation

Computed as
Taxes on products + Taxes on production
From
Result
€446.6 billion

Why believe this?

Other taxes on income and wealth

€24.3bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€24.3 billion
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Other taxes on income and wealth

€25.3bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Taxes on income and wealth × Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth
From
Result
€25.3 billion

Why believe this?

Subsidies on products

€44.6bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.
Caveat
Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both.

Calculation

Computed as
Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home × Subsidies on products ÷ Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06
From
  • Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home €433.7bn
  • Subsidies on products €31.8bn
  • Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06 €309.3bn
Result
€44.6 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, Levies, net of subsidies

€98.4bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 18–29, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €23,200
  • 18–29, consumption units, millions 4.2
  • Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone 99.8%
Result
€98.4 billion

Why believe this?

Everyone, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit

€27,000Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column G (Ensemble)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€27,000
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

30–39, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit

€30,600Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column C (30-39 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€30,600
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

40–49, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit

€31,500Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column D (40-49 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€31,500
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

50–64, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit

€33,800Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)
Where
Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column E (50-64 ans)
Published
16 April 2026
As published
€33,800
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone

97.5%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.

Calculation

Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100
From
  • Levies, net of subsidies €1,269bn
  • 18–29, consumption units, millions 3.8
  • 18–29, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €23,200
  • 30–39, consumption units, millions 9.4
  • 30–39, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €30,600
  • 40–49, consumption units, millions 11.8
  • 40–49, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €31,500
  • 50–64, consumption units, millions 12.2
  • 50–64, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €33,800
  • 65 and over, consumption units, millions 9.9
  • 65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €14,600
Result
97.5%

Why believe this?

30–39, Cash benefits

€54bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Cash benefits × 30–39, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits
From
Result
€54.0 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, Cash benefits

€55.1bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, Cash benefits, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 30–39, Cash benefits, per unit €5,400
  • 30–39, consumption units, millions 9.4
  • Cash benefits, scale to everyone 108.6%
Result
€55.1 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, received a month per person

€1,150Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,150

Why believe this?

30–39, receives

€188.8bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
What the household age group receives.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, Cash benefits + 30–39, Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€188.8 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, Non-cash transfers

€147.2bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 30–39, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€147.2 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, Non-cash transfers

€121.2bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 30–39, Non-cash transfers, per unit €15,400
  • 30–39, consumption units, millions 7.9
  • Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone 100%
Result
€121.2 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, paid a month per person

€1,390Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,390

Why believe this?

30–39, Levies, net of subsidies

€228.8bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 30–39, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies
From
Result
€228.8 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, Levies, net of subsidies

€240.5bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 30–39, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €30,600
  • 30–39, consumption units, millions 7.9
  • Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone 99.8%
Result
€240.5 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, received a month per person

€1,460Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,460

Why believe this?

40–49, receives

€299.1bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
What the household age group receives.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Cash benefits + 40–49, Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€299.1 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, Non-cash transfers

€229.1bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 40–49, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€229.1 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, Non-cash transfers

€188.6bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 40–49, Non-cash transfers, per unit €16,000
  • 40–49, consumption units, millions 11.8
  • Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone 100.3%
Result
€188.6 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, people

17.1 millionEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Individuals of all ages living in a household of this age, as Insee counts them.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 1,000,000
From
  • 40–49, share of individuals 25%
  • Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee 68.4
Result
17,100,000

Why believe this?

40–49, Cash benefits

€53.9bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Cash benefits × 40–49, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits
From
Result
€53.9 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, Cash benefits

€55.1bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Cash benefits, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 40–49, Cash benefits, per unit €5,600
  • 40–49, consumption units, millions 9.8
  • Cash benefits, scale to everyone 100%
Result
€55.1 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, paid a month per person

€1,670Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,670

Why believe this?

40–49, Levies, net of subsidies

€343.2bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 40–49, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies
From
Result
€343.2 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, Levies, net of subsidies

€360.7bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 40–49, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €31,500
  • 40–49, consumption units, millions 11.8
  • Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone 97.5%
Result
€360.7 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, received a month per person

€1,680Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,680

Why believe this?

50–64, receives

€359bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
What the household age group receives.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, Cash benefits + 50–64, Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€359.0 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, Non-cash transfers

€220.5bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 50–64, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€220.5 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, Non-cash transfers

€181.5bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 50–64, Non-cash transfers, per unit €13,600
  • 50–64, consumption units, millions 13.4
  • Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone 100%
Result
€181.5 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, Cash benefits

€137.7bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Cash benefits × 50–64, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits
From
Result
€137.7 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, Cash benefits

€140.7bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, Cash benefits, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 50–64, Cash benefits, per unit €10,600
  • 50–64, consumption units, millions 12.2
  • Cash benefits, scale to everyone 108.6%
Result
€140.7 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, paid a month per person

€2,010Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€2,010

Why believe this?

50–64, Levies, net of subsidies

€428.7bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 50–64, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies
From
Result
€428.7 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, Levies, net of subsidies

€450.5bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 50–64, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €33,800
  • 50–64, consumption units, millions 13.4
  • Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone 99.8%
Result
€450.5 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, received a month per person

€3,470Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 65 and over, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€3,470

Why believe this?

65 and over, receives

€598.9bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
What the household age group receives.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, Cash benefits + 65 and over, Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€598.9 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, Non-cash transfers

€270.9bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Non-cash transfers × 65 and over, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers
From
Result
€270.9 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, Non-cash transfers

€223bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 65 and over, Non-cash transfers, per unit €19,100
  • 65 and over, consumption units, millions 11.7
  • Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone 100%
Result
€223.0 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, Cash benefits

€301.2bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Cash benefits × 65 and over, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits
From
Result
€301.2 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, Cash benefits

€307.7bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, Cash benefits, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 65 and over, Cash benefits, per unit €28,700
  • 65 and over, consumption units, millions 9.9
  • Cash benefits, scale to everyone 108.6%
Result
€307.7 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, paid a month per person

€940Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 65 and over, people ÷ 12
From
Result
€940

Why believe this?

65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies

€162bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.

Calculation

Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies × 65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies
From
Result
€162.0 billion

Why believe this?

65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies

€170.2bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.

Calculation

Computed as
65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100
From
  • 65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit €14,600
  • 65 and over, consumption units, millions 11.7
  • Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone 99.8%
Result
€170.2 billion

Why believe this?

Outside France, transfers

€10.4bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Transfers between general government and the rest of the world.

Calculation

Computed as
International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)
From
  • International cooperation from the EU €3.5bn
  • Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan) €6.9bn
Result
€10.4 billion

Why believe this?

Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)

€6.9bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_main (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=D9REC_S2 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€6,933.0 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Public revenue

€1,504bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Total revenue of general government. General government (S13): the State, local authorities and the social security funds, consolidated so that transfers between them cancel out.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10a_main (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=TR time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€1,503,590.1 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-07-21, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

General government

€1,575bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Levies net of subsidies, plus borrowing, other revenue and transfers from abroad: everything general government receives.

Calculation

Computed as
Levies, net of subsidies + Borrowing + Other revenue + Inheritance and gift duties + International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)
From
Result
€1,574.7 billion

Why believe this?

Outside France, transfers

€33.3bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Transfers between general government and the rest of the world.

Calculation

Computed as
EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) + International cooperation paid + Capital transfers to the rest of the world
From
  • EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) €22.3bn
  • International cooperation paid €10.3bn
  • Capital transfers to the rest of the world €760m
Result
€33.3 billion