How France works

Why believe this?

Figures of one view and year of the diagram, with their sources and how they were computed, each under its own anchor. Back to Public money.

37 parts: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2024, 2 years

701,058Observed2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y2 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
701,058 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2025, 10 years

828,311Observed2025

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y10 time=2025 · query this cell
As published
828,311 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2024, 13 years

871,784Observed2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y13 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
871,784 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2025, 37 years

867,356Observed2025

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y37 time=2025 · query this cell
As published
867,356 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2024, 49 years

871,476Observed2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y49 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
871,476 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2024, 54 years

888,739Observed2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y54 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
888,739 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2025, 69 years

764,786Observed2025

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y69 time=2025 · query this cell
As published
764,786 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2025, 74 years

731,276Observed2025

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y74 time=2025 · query this cell
As published
731,276 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2024, 79 years

453,221Observed2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y79 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
453,221 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2025, 86 years

295,334Observed2025

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y86 time=2025 · query this cell
As published
295,334 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Population on 1 January 2024, 88 years

248,051Observed2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset demo_pjan (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=NR sex=T age=Y88 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
248,051 · flagged provisional by Eurostat
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-25, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 0 to 200 euros, 2023, file weights

4,620Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.

Source

Source
Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
Where
data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 00, weight summed over sectors
Published
24 March 2026
As published
4,620
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion

€195.4bnEstimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 100, 01: 350, 02: 750, 03: 1250, 04: 1750, 05: 2500, 06: 3500, 07: 5000, 08: 7000, 09: 9000, 10: 11000, 11: 13000, 12: 15000, 13: 17000, 14: 19000, 15: 21000, 16: 23000, 17: 25000, 18: 27000, 19: 29000, 20: 32500, 21: 37500, 22: 45000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023
From
  • Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023 €78,018
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 0 to 200 euros, 2023, file weights 3,204
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 200 to 500 euros, 2023, file weights 3,180
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 500 to 1,000 euros, 2023, file weights 5,652
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 1,000 to 1,500 euros, 2023, file weights 19,752
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 1,500 to 2,000 euros, 2023, file weights 36,492
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 2,000 to 3,000 euros, 2023, file weights 73,092
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 3,000 to 4,000 euros, 2023, file weights 72,840
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 4,000 to 6,000 euros, 2023, file weights 151,764
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 6,000 to 8,000 euros, 2023, file weights 151,224
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 8,000 to 10,000 euros, 2023, file weights 170,472
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 10,000 to 12,000 euros, 2023, file weights 191,448
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 12,000 to 14,000 euros, 2023, file weights 190,320
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 14,000 to 16,000 euros, 2023, file weights 204,696
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 16,000 to 18,000 euros, 2023, file weights 272,316
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 18,000 to 20,000 euros, 2023, file weights 347,196
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 20,000 to 22,000 euros, 2023, file weights 416,616
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 22,000 to 24,000 euros, 2023, file weights 454,416
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 24,000 to 26,000 euros, 2023, file weights 446,964
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 26,000 to 28,000 euros, 2023, file weights 389,544
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 28,000 to 30,000 euros, 2023, file weights 342,240
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 30,000 to 35,000 euros, 2023, file weights 662,040
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 35,000 to 40,000 euros, 2023, file weights 485,340
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights 568,668
  • Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights 724,188
Result
€195.4 billion

Why believe this?

Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 500 to 1,000 euros, 2023, file weights

5,652Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.

Source

Source
Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
Where
data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 02, weight summed over sectors
Published
24 March 2026
As published
5,652
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 16,000 to 18,000 euros, 2023, file weights

272,316Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.

Source

Source
Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail
Where
data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 13, weight summed over sectors
Published
24 March 2026
As published
272,316
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

Survivors' pension recipients resident in France, end 2022

3,826.9Estimated2022

Definition

What it counts
Recipients of a survivor's pension, alone or with a direct pension, resident in France, thousands.

Source

Source
DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022
Where
Sheet “1.4-a”, row 23 “2022”, column F
Published
30 October 2024
As published
3,827
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

0–2, share of Education by age profile

0.3%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).
From
Result
0.3%

Why believe this?

Spending per pupil or student, tertiary

€15,856Observed2023

Definition

What it counts
Expenditure on public and private educational institutions per full-time-equivalent pupil or student, in euros.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset educ_uoe_fini04 (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=EUR sector=TOT_SEC isced11=ED5-8 time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€15,856
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-15, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.

Why believe this?

Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 70 to 100

32,237Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.

Calculation

Computed as
Mean gross wealth, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024 × (Financial wealth share, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % + Professional wealth share, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, %) ÷ 100 × Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % ÷ 100
From
  • Mean gross wealth, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024 €420,300
  • Financial wealth share, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 28%
  • Professional wealth share, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 4.5%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
Result
32,237

Why believe this?

Shares held by the rest of the world

€2,456bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Listed and unlisted shares (ESA F51), at the end of the year, at market value or own funds for unlisted companies.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset nasa_10_f_bs (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR co_nco=NCO sector=S2 finpos=ASS na_item=F51 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€2,455,534.0 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-10-14, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023

80.5%Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.

Source

Source
Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023
Where
Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 8 “Pensions et retraites”, column F
Published
17 February 2026
As published
80.5%
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

3–10, received a month per person

€1,530Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,530

Why believe this?

11–17, transfers received

€127.9bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.

Calculation

Computed as
11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services
From
Result
€127.9 billion

Why believe this?

11–17, people, 2024

6.0 millionObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2
From
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 11 years 846,155
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 11 years 834,912
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 12 years 849,030
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 12 years 850,791
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 13 years 871,784
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 13 years 853,400
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 14 years 863,403
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 14 years 877,526
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 15 years 872,680
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 15 years 871,050
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 16 years 859,104
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 16 years 873,075
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 17 years 861,729
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 17 years 854,120
Result
6,019,380

Why believe this?

11–17, CSG

€176mEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.2 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, Pension contributions

€45.7bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Pension contributions €293bn
  • 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile 15.6%
Result
€45.7 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile

8.2%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).
From
Result
8.2%

Why believe this?

40–49, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile

12.4%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).
From
Result
12.4%

Why believe this?

50–64, share of Invalidité by age profile

38.5%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).
From
Result
38.5%

Why believe this?

65–79, share of Famille by age profile

0%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).
From
Result
0.0%

Why believe this?

65–79, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile

10.8%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
  • Everyone, Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.), Insee €80.8bn
  • 65–79, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile 10.4%
  • Everyone, Aides au logement et chèque énergie, Insee €16.1bn
  • 65–79, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile 7.3%
  • Everyone, Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale, Insee €18.9bn
  • 65–79, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile 15.6%
Result
10.8%

Why believe this?

80 and over, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile

18.9%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).
From
  • Departments' help at home to the elderly, 2024, € thousands 4.5 million
  • Departments' help to the elderly in care homes, 2024, € thousands 4.0 million
  • Departments' help at home to the disabled, 2024, € thousands 3.8 million
  • Departments' help to the disabled in care homes, 2024, € thousands 6.8 million
  • Departments' child welfare, 2024, € thousands 11.7 million
  • 80 and over, people, 2024 4.2 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
18.9%

Why believe this?

80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth

€1.4bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Other taxes on income and wealth €25.3bn
  • 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile 5.7%
Result
€1.4 billion

Why believe this?

0–2, Other cash benefits

€199mEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Other cash benefits €144.7bn
  • 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile 0.1%
Result
€0.2 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, share of Taxes on products by age profile

13.8%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).
From
Result
13.8%

Why believe this?

40–49, levies paid

€265.2bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions
From
Result
€265.2 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits

€39.7bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income
From
Result
€39.7 billion

Why believe this?

65–79, Subsidies on products

€6.9bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Subsidies on products × 65–79, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Subsidies on products €44.6bn
  • 65–79, share of Subsidies on products by age profile 15.6%
Result
€6.9 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, net received a month per person

€3,040Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person
From
  • 80 and over, received a month per person €3,880
  • 80 and over, paid a month per person €840
Result
€3,040

Why believe this?

11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits

€176mEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income
From
Result
€0.2 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, paid a month per person

€850Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€850

Why believe this?

18–29, levies paid

€174.2bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions
From
Result
€174.2 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth

€4.4bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Other taxes on income and wealth €25.3bn
  • 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile 17.3%
Result
€4.4 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile

33.7%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €119.2bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €169.3bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €193.5bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €197.8bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €59bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • 50–64, people, 2024 13.3 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
33.7%

Why believe this?

65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile

26.2%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).
From
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 18 to 29 9,604.8
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 30 to 39 39,220
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49 61,021.6
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59 88,312
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 60 to 69 77,237.5
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 70 to 100 99,190.8
  • 65–79, people, 2024 10.7 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
26.2%

Why believe this?

80 and over, Taxes on production

€323mEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Taxes on production €130.7bn
  • 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile 0.2%
Result
€0.3 billion

Why believe this?

0–2, share of CSG by age profile

0%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • CSG on earnings, 2024 €108.2bn
  • CSG on replacement income, 2024 €27.4bn
  • CSG on capital income, 2024 €17.6bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €111.8bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €162.1bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €183bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €185.9bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €52.1bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • Retirees of a direct pension resident in France, end 2022 16,062
  • Survivors' pension recipients resident in France, end 2022 3,826.9
  • Average survivor's pension, residents, end 2022 €739
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 18 to 29 9,604.8
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 30 to 39 39,220
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49 61,021.6
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59 88,312
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 60 to 69 77,237.5
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 70 to 100 99,190.8
  • 0–2, people, 2024 2.0 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
0.0%

Why believe this?

11–17, CSG

€159mEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€0.2 billion

Why believe this?

11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile

0.1%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €111.8bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €162.1bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €183bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €185.9bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €52.1bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • 11–17, people, 2024 6.0 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
0.1%

Why believe this?

18–29, net received a month per person

€−50Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person
From
  • 18–29, received a month per person €1,470
  • 18–29, paid a month per person €1,520
Result
€−50

Why believe this?

18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile

15.4%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €111.8bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €162.1bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €183bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €185.9bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €52.1bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • 18–29, people, 2024 9.5 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
15.4%

Why believe this?

40–49, Pension contributions

€75.8bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Pension contributions €293bn
  • 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile 25.9%
Result
€75.8 billion

Why believe this?

65–79, Other contributions

€3.5bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Other contributions €190.6bn
  • 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile 1.8%
Result
€3.5 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile

0.2%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €111.8bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €162.1bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €183bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €185.9bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €52.1bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • 80 and over, people, 2024 4.2 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
0.2%

Why believe this?

0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile

0%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
  • Everyone, Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1, Insee €142.8bn
  • 0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile 0%
  • Everyone, Cotisations sociales chômage1, Insee €33.2bn
  • 0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile 0%
  • Everyone, Cotisations sociales famille1, Insee €38bn
  • 0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile 0%
Result
0.0%

Why believe this?

11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile

0.2%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €128.3bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €180.7bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €202.4bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €204.9bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €57.5bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • 11–17, people, 2024 6.0 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
0.2%

Why believe this?

11–17, share of Income tax by age profile

0%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 14.5%
  • Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 15.6%
  • Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 16.9%
  • Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 19.5%
  • Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 15.9%
  • Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 14.9%
  • Activity, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 99.2%
  • Activity, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 101.7%
  • Activity, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 100%
  • Activity, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 91.5%
  • Activity, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 14.9%
  • Activity, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 4.2%
  • Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 2.5%
  • Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 0.9%
  • Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 1.7%
  • Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 12.2%
  • Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 80.5%
  • Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 88.8%
  • Property income, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 4.7%
  • Property income, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 4.9%
  • Property income, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 8%
  • Property income, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 11.3%
  • Property income, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 18.2%
  • Property income, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 20.6%
  • CSG on earnings, 2024 €108.2bn
  • CSG on replacement income, 2024 €27.4bn
  • CSG on capital income, 2024 €17.6bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €128.3bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €180.7bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €202.4bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €204.9bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €57.5bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • Retirees of a direct pension resident in France, end 2022 16,062
  • Survivors' pension recipients resident in France, end 2022 3,826.9
  • Average survivor's pension, residents, end 2022 €739
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 18 to 29 9,604.8
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 30 to 39 39,220
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49 61,021.6
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59 88,312
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 60 to 69 77,237.5
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 70 to 100 99,190.8
  • 11–17, people, 2024 6.0 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
0.0%

Why believe this?

11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile

0.1%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • CSG on earnings, 2024 €108.2bn
  • CSG on replacement income, 2024 €27.4bn
  • CSG on capital income, 2024 €17.6bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €128.3bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €180.7bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €202.4bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €204.9bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €57.5bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • Retirees of a direct pension resident in France, end 2022 16,062
  • Survivors' pension recipients resident in France, end 2022 3,826.9
  • Average survivor's pension, residents, end 2022 €739
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 18 to 29 9,604.8
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 30 to 39 39,220
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49 61,021.6
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59 88,312
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 60 to 69 77,237.5
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 70 to 100 99,190.8
  • 11–17, people, 2024 6.0 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
0.1%

Why believe this?

11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile

0.2%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €128.3bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €180.7bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €202.4bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €204.9bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €57.5bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • 11–17, people, 2024 6.0 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
0.2%

Why believe this?

11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile

0.2%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €128.3bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €180.7bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €202.4bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €204.9bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €57.5bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • 11–17, people, 2024 6.0 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
0.2%

Why believe this?

40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile

25.7%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €128.3bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €180.7bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €202.4bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €204.9bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €57.5bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • 40–49, people, 2024 8.6 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
25.7%

Why believe this?

50–64, share of CSG by age profile

29.7%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • CSG on earnings, 2024 €108.2bn
  • CSG on replacement income, 2024 €27.4bn
  • CSG on capital income, 2024 €17.6bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €128.3bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €180.7bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €202.4bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €204.9bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €57.5bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • Retirees of a direct pension resident in France, end 2022 16,062
  • Survivors' pension recipients resident in France, end 2022 3,826.9
  • Average survivor's pension, residents, end 2022 €739
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 18 to 29 9,604.8
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 30 to 39 39,220
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49 61,021.6
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59 88,312
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 60 to 69 77,237.5
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 70 to 100 99,190.8
  • 50–64, people, 2024 13.3 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
29.7%

Why believe this?

65–79, Subsidies on production

€977mEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Subsidies on production €53.4bn
  • 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile 1.8%
Result
€1.0 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile

0.2%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €128.3bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €180.7bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €202.4bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €204.9bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €57.5bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • 80 and over, people, 2024 4.2 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
0.2%

Why believe this?

Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 15 to 24, 2023

0.5Estimated2023

Definition

What it counts
Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.

Source

Source
Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial
Where
Sheet “Figure 1”, row 8 “Moins de 25 ans”, column D
Published
2 July 2026
As published
0
Read
2026-10-14

Why believe this?

3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile

8.4%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
  • Everyone, Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP), Insee €38bn
  • 3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile 0%
  • Everyone, Famille, Insee €33.6bn
  • 3–10, share of Famille by age profile 35%
  • Everyone, Exclusion sociale, Insee €33.9bn
  • 3–10, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile 0%
  • Everyone, Invalidité, Insee €22.9bn
  • 3–10, share of Invalidité by age profile 0%
  • Everyone, Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé, Insee €19.3bn
  • 3–10, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile 3.2%
Result
8.4%

Why believe this?

11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile

0.7%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
  • Everyone, Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1, Insee €142.8bn
  • 11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile 0.7%
  • Everyone, Cotisations sociales chômage1, Insee €33.2bn
  • 11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile 0.7%
  • Everyone, Cotisations sociales famille1, Insee €38bn
  • 11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile 0.7%
Result
0.7%

Why believe this?

18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile

13.6%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 15 to 24, 2023 €10,170
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 25 to 39, 2023 €23,480
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €29,110
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 50 to 54, 2023 €31,010
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 55 to 74, 2023 €28,730
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 15 to 24, 2023 €21,260
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 25 to 39, 2023 €29,790
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €34,720
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 50 to 54, 2023 €36,340
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 55 to 74, 2023 €37,700
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 15 to 24, 2023 0.5
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 25 to 39, 2023 0.8
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 40 to 49, 2023 0.8
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 50 to 54, 2023 0.9
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 55 to 74, 2023 0.8
  • People in employment, ages 15 to 19, 2023, thousands 612.7
  • People in employment, ages 20 to 24, 2023, thousands 2,165.2
  • People in employment, ages 25 to 29, 2023, thousands 2,853.6
  • People in employment, ages 30 to 34, 2023, thousands 3,222.4
  • People in employment, ages 35 to 39, 2023, thousands 3,420.7
  • People in employment, ages 40 to 44, 2023, thousands 3,528.3
  • People in employment, ages 45 to 49, 2023, thousands 3,515.1
  • People in employment, ages 50 to 54, 2023, thousands 3,700.1
  • People in employment, ages 55 to 59, 2023, thousands 3,370.5
  • People in employment, ages 60 to 64, 2023, thousands 1,623.4
  • Employees, ages 15 to 24, 2023, thousands 2,694.6
  • Employees, ages 25 to 49, 2023, thousands 14,461.3
  • Employees, ages 50 to 64, 2023, thousands 7,401.8
  • Employees, ages 65 to 74, 2023, thousands 339.5
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • 18–29, people, 2024 9.5 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
13.6%

Why believe this?

30–39, levies paid

€225.8bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions
From
Result
€225.8 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile

21.6%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
  • Everyone, Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1, Insee €142.8bn
  • 30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile 21.6%
  • Everyone, Cotisations sociales chômage1, Insee €33.2bn
  • 30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile 21.6%
  • Everyone, Cotisations sociales famille1, Insee €38bn
  • 30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile 21.6%
Result
21.6%

Why believe this?

50–64, received a month per person

€1,690Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€1,690

Why believe this?

50–64, Subsidies on production

€18.6bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Subsidies on production €53.4bn
  • 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile 34.8%
Result
€18.6 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, share of CSG by age profile

31%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • CSG on earnings, 2024 €108.2bn
  • CSG on replacement income, 2024 €27.4bn
  • CSG on capital income, 2024 €17.6bn
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 15 to 24, 2023 €10,170
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 25 to 39, 2023 €23,480
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €29,110
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 50 to 54, 2023 €31,010
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 55 to 74, 2023 €28,730
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 15 to 24, 2023 €21,260
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 25 to 39, 2023 €29,790
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €34,720
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 50 to 54, 2023 €36,340
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 55 to 74, 2023 €37,700
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 15 to 24, 2023 0.5
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 25 to 39, 2023 0.8
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 40 to 49, 2023 0.8
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 50 to 54, 2023 0.9
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 55 to 74, 2023 0.8
  • People in employment, ages 15 to 19, 2023, thousands 612.7
  • People in employment, ages 20 to 24, 2023, thousands 2,165.2
  • People in employment, ages 25 to 29, 2023, thousands 2,853.6
  • People in employment, ages 30 to 34, 2023, thousands 3,222.4
  • People in employment, ages 35 to 39, 2023, thousands 3,420.7
  • People in employment, ages 40 to 44, 2023, thousands 3,528.3
  • People in employment, ages 45 to 49, 2023, thousands 3,515.1
  • People in employment, ages 50 to 54, 2023, thousands 3,700.1
  • People in employment, ages 55 to 59, 2023, thousands 3,370.5
  • People in employment, ages 60 to 64, 2023, thousands 1,623.4
  • Employees, ages 15 to 24, 2023, thousands 2,694.6
  • Employees, ages 25 to 49, 2023, thousands 14,461.3
  • Employees, ages 50 to 64, 2023, thousands 7,401.8
  • Employees, ages 65 to 74, 2023, thousands 339.5
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • Retirees of a direct pension resident in France, end 2022 16,062
  • Survivors' pension recipients resident in France, end 2022 3,826.9
  • Average survivor's pension, residents, end 2022 €739
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 18 to 29 9,604.8
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 30 to 39 39,220
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49 61,021.6
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59 88,312
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 60 to 69 77,237.5
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 70 to 100 99,190.8
  • 50–64, people, 2024 13.3 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
31.0%

Why believe this?

65–79, Income tax

€14.9bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€14.9 billion

Why believe this?

0–2, net received a month per person

€1,360Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person
From
  • 0–2, received a month per person €1,530
  • 0–2, paid a month per person €170
Result
€1,360

Why believe this?

0–2, levies paid

€4bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.

Calculation

Computed as
0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions
From
  • 0–2, Taxes on products €4bn
  • 0–2, Taxes on production €0m
  • 0–2, Corporate tax €0m
  • 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits €0m
  • 0–2, CSG on capital income €0m
  • 0–2, Income tax €0m
  • 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth €0m
  • 0–2, Pension contributions €0m
  • 0–2, Other contributions €0m
Result
€4.0 billion

Why believe this?

3–10, net received a month per person

€1,320Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person
From
  • 3–10, received a month per person €1,530
  • 3–10, paid a month per person €210
Result
€1,320

Why believe this?

3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth

€0mEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Other taxes on income and wealth €25.3bn
  • 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile 0%
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile

12.7%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 15 to 24, 2023 €10,170
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 25 to 39, 2023 €23,480
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €29,110
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 50 to 54, 2023 €31,010
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 55 to 74, 2023 €28,730
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 15 to 24, 2023 €21,260
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 25 to 39, 2023 €29,790
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €34,720
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 50 to 54, 2023 €36,340
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 55 to 74, 2023 €37,700
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 15 to 24, 2023 0.5
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 25 to 39, 2023 0.8
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 40 to 49, 2023 0.8
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 50 to 54, 2023 0.9
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 55 to 74, 2023 0.8
  • People in employment, ages 15 to 19, 2023, thousands 612.7
  • People in employment, ages 20 to 24, 2023, thousands 2,165.2
  • People in employment, ages 25 to 29, 2023, thousands 2,853.6
  • People in employment, ages 30 to 34, 2023, thousands 3,222.4
  • People in employment, ages 35 to 39, 2023, thousands 3,420.7
  • People in employment, ages 40 to 44, 2023, thousands 3,528.3
  • People in employment, ages 45 to 49, 2023, thousands 3,515.1
  • People in employment, ages 50 to 54, 2023, thousands 3,700.1
  • People in employment, ages 55 to 59, 2023, thousands 3,370.5
  • People in employment, ages 60 to 64, 2023, thousands 1,623.4
  • Employees, ages 15 to 24, 2023, thousands 2,694.6
  • Employees, ages 25 to 49, 2023, thousands 14,461.3
  • Employees, ages 50 to 64, 2023, thousands 7,401.8
  • Employees, ages 65 to 74, 2023, thousands 339.5
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • 18–29, people, 2024 9.5 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
12.7%

Why believe this?

30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits

€23.4bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income
From
Result
€23.4 billion

Why believe this?

30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile

21.6%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
  • Everyone, Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1, Insee €142.8bn
  • 30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile 21.6%
  • Everyone, Cotisations sociales chômage1, Insee €33.2bn
  • 30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile 21.6%
  • Everyone, Cotisations sociales famille1, Insee €38bn
  • 30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile 21.6%
Result
21.6%

Why believe this?

40–49, net received a month per person

€−1,470Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person
From
  • 40–49, received a month per person €1,320
  • 40–49, paid a month per person €2,790
Result
€−1,470

Why believe this?

40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile

27.8%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 15 to 24, 2023 €10,170
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 25 to 39, 2023 €23,480
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €29,110
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 50 to 54, 2023 €31,010
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 55 to 74, 2023 €28,730
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 15 to 24, 2023 €21,260
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 25 to 39, 2023 €29,790
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €34,720
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 50 to 54, 2023 €36,340
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 55 to 74, 2023 €37,700
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 15 to 24, 2023 0.5
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 25 to 39, 2023 0.8
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 40 to 49, 2023 0.8
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 50 to 54, 2023 0.9
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 55 to 74, 2023 0.8
  • People in employment, ages 15 to 19, 2023, thousands 612.7
  • People in employment, ages 20 to 24, 2023, thousands 2,165.2
  • People in employment, ages 25 to 29, 2023, thousands 2,853.6
  • People in employment, ages 30 to 34, 2023, thousands 3,222.4
  • People in employment, ages 35 to 39, 2023, thousands 3,420.7
  • People in employment, ages 40 to 44, 2023, thousands 3,528.3
  • People in employment, ages 45 to 49, 2023, thousands 3,515.1
  • People in employment, ages 50 to 54, 2023, thousands 3,700.1
  • People in employment, ages 55 to 59, 2023, thousands 3,370.5
  • People in employment, ages 60 to 64, 2023, thousands 1,623.4
  • Employees, ages 15 to 24, 2023, thousands 2,694.6
  • Employees, ages 25 to 49, 2023, thousands 14,461.3
  • Employees, ages 50 to 64, 2023, thousands 7,401.8
  • Employees, ages 65 to 74, 2023, thousands 339.5
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • 40–49, people, 2024 8.6 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
27.8%

Why believe this?

0–2, levies paid

€4bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.

Calculation

Computed as
0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions
From
  • 0–2, Taxes on products €4bn
  • 0–2, Taxes on production €0m
  • 0–2, Corporate tax €0m
  • 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits €0m
  • 0–2, CSG on capital income €0m
  • 0–2, Income tax €0m
  • 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth €0m
  • 0–2, Pension contributions €0m
  • 0–2, Other contributions €0m
Result
€4.0 billion

Why believe this?

0–2, Taxes on production

€0mEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Taxes on production €130.7bn
  • 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile 0%
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits

€0mEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income
From
  • 0–2, CSG €0m
  • 0–2, CSG on capital income €0m
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

3–10, Other cash benefits

€12.1bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Other cash benefits €144.7bn
  • 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile 8.4%
Result
€12.1 billion

Why believe this?

11–17, people, 2024

6.0 millionObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2
From
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 11 years 846,155
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 11 years 834,912
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 12 years 849,030
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 12 years 850,791
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 13 years 871,784
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 13 years 853,400
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 14 years 863,403
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 14 years 877,526
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 15 years 872,680
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 15 years 871,050
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 16 years 859,104
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 16 years 873,075
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 17 years 861,729
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 17 years 854,120
Result
6,019,380

Why believe this?

11–17, levies paid

€30.2bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.

Calculation

Computed as
11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions
From
  • 11–17, Taxes on products €23.5bn
  • 11–17, Taxes on production €1.2bn
  • 11–17, Corporate tax €0m
  • 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits €970m
  • 11–17, CSG on capital income €0m
  • 11–17, Income tax €0m
  • 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth €160m
  • 11–17, Pension contributions €2.6bn
  • 11–17, Other contributions €1.7bn
Result
€30.2 billion

Why believe this?

11–17, Taxes on products

€23.5bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
Caveat
Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.

Calculation

Computed as
11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)
From
  • 11–17, Taxes on products €24.7bn
  • Share of consumption by visitors 4.6%
Result
€23.5 billion

Why believe this?

11–17, share of CSG by age profile

0.6%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • CSG on earnings, 2024 €108.2bn
  • CSG on replacement income, 2024 €27.4bn
  • CSG on capital income, 2024 €17.6bn
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 15 to 24, 2023 €10,170
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 25 to 39, 2023 €23,480
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €29,110
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 50 to 54, 2023 €31,010
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 55 to 74, 2023 €28,730
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 15 to 24, 2023 €21,260
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 25 to 39, 2023 €29,790
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €34,720
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 50 to 54, 2023 €36,340
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 55 to 74, 2023 €37,700
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 15 to 24, 2023 0.5
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 25 to 39, 2023 0.8
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 40 to 49, 2023 0.8
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 50 to 54, 2023 0.9
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 55 to 74, 2023 0.8
  • People in employment, ages 15 to 19, 2023, thousands 612.7
  • People in employment, ages 20 to 24, 2023, thousands 2,165.2
  • People in employment, ages 25 to 29, 2023, thousands 2,853.6
  • People in employment, ages 30 to 34, 2023, thousands 3,222.4
  • People in employment, ages 35 to 39, 2023, thousands 3,420.7
  • People in employment, ages 40 to 44, 2023, thousands 3,528.3
  • People in employment, ages 45 to 49, 2023, thousands 3,515.1
  • People in employment, ages 50 to 54, 2023, thousands 3,700.1
  • People in employment, ages 55 to 59, 2023, thousands 3,370.5
  • People in employment, ages 60 to 64, 2023, thousands 1,623.4
  • Employees, ages 15 to 24, 2023, thousands 2,694.6
  • Employees, ages 25 to 49, 2023, thousands 14,461.3
  • Employees, ages 50 to 64, 2023, thousands 7,401.8
  • Employees, ages 65 to 74, 2023, thousands 339.5
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • Retirees of a direct pension resident in France, end 2022 16,062
  • Survivors' pension recipients resident in France, end 2022 3,826.9
  • Average survivor's pension, residents, end 2022 €739
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 18 to 29 9,604.8
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 30 to 39 39,220
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49 61,021.6
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59 88,312
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 60 to 69 77,237.5
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 70 to 100 99,190.8
  • 11–17, people, 2024 6.0 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
0.6%

Why believe this?

11–17, Income tax

€0mEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Income tax €105.8bn
  • 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile 0%
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile

14.8%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 15 to 24, 2023 €10,170
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 25 to 39, 2023 €23,480
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €29,110
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 50 to 54, 2023 €31,010
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 55 to 74, 2023 €28,730
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 15 to 24, 2023 €21,260
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 25 to 39, 2023 €29,790
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €34,720
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 50 to 54, 2023 €36,340
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 55 to 74, 2023 €37,700
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 15 to 24, 2023 0.5
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 25 to 39, 2023 0.8
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 40 to 49, 2023 0.8
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 50 to 54, 2023 0.9
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 55 to 74, 2023 0.8
  • People in employment, ages 15 to 19, 2023, thousands 612.7
  • People in employment, ages 20 to 24, 2023, thousands 2,165.2
  • People in employment, ages 25 to 29, 2023, thousands 2,853.6
  • People in employment, ages 30 to 34, 2023, thousands 3,222.4
  • People in employment, ages 35 to 39, 2023, thousands 3,420.7
  • People in employment, ages 40 to 44, 2023, thousands 3,528.3
  • People in employment, ages 45 to 49, 2023, thousands 3,515.1
  • People in employment, ages 50 to 54, 2023, thousands 3,700.1
  • People in employment, ages 55 to 59, 2023, thousands 3,370.5
  • People in employment, ages 60 to 64, 2023, thousands 1,623.4
  • Employees, ages 15 to 24, 2023, thousands 2,694.6
  • Employees, ages 25 to 49, 2023, thousands 14,461.3
  • Employees, ages 50 to 64, 2023, thousands 7,401.8
  • Employees, ages 65 to 74, 2023, thousands 339.5
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • 18–29, people, 2024 9.5 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
14.8%

Why believe this?

18–29, Other contributions

€28.3bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Other contributions €190.6bn
  • 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile 14.8%
Result
€28.3 billion

Why believe this?

40–49, people, 2024

8.6 millionObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2
From
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 40 years 842,081
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 40 years 858,171
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 41 years 887,853
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 41 years 846,701
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 42 years 887,177
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 42 years 889,902
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 43 years 905,206
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 43 years 890,740
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 44 years 850,755
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 44 years 908,103
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 45 years 832,575
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 45 years 853,130
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 46 years 833,918
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 46 years 834,481
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 47 years 808,524
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 47 years 835,195
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 48 years 830,531
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 48 years 808,453
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 49 years 871,476
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 49 years 830,975
Result
8,552,974

Why believe this?

40–49, Other contributions

€49.7bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Other contributions €190.6bn
  • 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile 26.1%
Result
€49.7 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, Taxes on production

€301mEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Taxes on production €130.7bn
  • 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile 0.2%
Result
€0.3 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, CSG

€8.7bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€8.7 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile

0.2%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 15 to 24, 2023 €10,170
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 25 to 39, 2023 €23,480
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €29,110
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 50 to 54, 2023 €31,010
  • Mean revenu salarial, ages 55 to 74, 2023 €28,730
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 15 to 24, 2023 €21,260
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 25 to 39, 2023 €29,790
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €34,720
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 50 to 54, 2023 €36,340
  • Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 55 to 74, 2023 €37,700
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 15 to 24, 2023 0.5
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 25 to 39, 2023 0.8
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 40 to 49, 2023 0.8
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 50 to 54, 2023 0.9
  • Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 55 to 74, 2023 0.8
  • People in employment, ages 15 to 19, 2023, thousands 612.7
  • People in employment, ages 20 to 24, 2023, thousands 2,165.2
  • People in employment, ages 25 to 29, 2023, thousands 2,853.6
  • People in employment, ages 30 to 34, 2023, thousands 3,222.4
  • People in employment, ages 35 to 39, 2023, thousands 3,420.7
  • People in employment, ages 40 to 44, 2023, thousands 3,528.3
  • People in employment, ages 45 to 49, 2023, thousands 3,515.1
  • People in employment, ages 50 to 54, 2023, thousands 3,700.1
  • People in employment, ages 55 to 59, 2023, thousands 3,370.5
  • People in employment, ages 60 to 64, 2023, thousands 1,623.4
  • Employees, ages 15 to 24, 2023, thousands 2,694.6
  • Employees, ages 25 to 49, 2023, thousands 14,461.3
  • Employees, ages 50 to 64, 2023, thousands 7,401.8
  • Employees, ages 65 to 74, 2023, thousands 339.5
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • 80 and over, people, 2024 4.2 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
0.2%

Why believe this?

0–2, share of Income tax by age profile

0%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • CSG on earnings, 2024 €108.2bn
  • CSG on replacement income, 2024 €27.4bn
  • CSG on capital income, 2024 €17.6bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €120.1bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €171.4bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €192.7bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €195.4bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €54.8bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • Retirees of a direct pension resident in France, end 2022 16,062
  • Survivors' pension recipients resident in France, end 2022 3,826.9
  • Average survivor's pension, residents, end 2022 €739
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 18 to 29 9,604.8
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 30 to 39 39,220
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49 61,021.6
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59 88,312
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 60 to 69 77,237.5
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 70 to 100 99,190.8
  • 0–2, people, 2024 2.0 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
0.0%

Why believe this?

50–64, people, 2024

13.3 millionObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2
From
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 50 years 911,989
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 50 years 870,719
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 51 years 930,389
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 51 years 910,858
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 52 years 922,352
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 52 years 929,226
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 53 years 906,451
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 53 years 922,084
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 54 years 888,739
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 54 years 905,091
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 55 years 878,302
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 55 years 887,758
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 56 years 876,917
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 56 years 877,124
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 57 years 894,961
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 57 years 875,691
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 58 years 894,639
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 58 years 892,406
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 59 years 903,347
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 59 years 893,293
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 60 years 888,456
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 60 years 899,489
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 61 years 853,660
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 61 years 884,400
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 62 years 849,425
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 62 years 848,932
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 63 years 841,499
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 63 years 843,681
  • Population on 1 January 2024, 64 years 831,367
  • Population on 1 January 2025, 64 years 835,504
Result
13,274,375

Why believe this?

50–64, Income tax

€31.6bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
From
Result
€31.6 billion

Why believe this?

80 and over, received a month per person

€3,880Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€3,880

Why believe this?

11–17, paid a month per person

€340Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's amount over its people, a month per person.

Calculation

Computed as
11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12
From
Result
€340

Why believe this?

11–17, Income tax

€0mEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Income tax €105.8bn
  • 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile 0%
Result
€0.0 billion

Why believe this?

50–64, share of Income tax by age profile

33.5%Estimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty.

Calculation

Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
  • Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 14.5%
  • Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 15.6%
  • Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 16.9%
  • Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 19.5%
  • Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 15.9%
  • Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 14.9%
  • Activity, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 99.2%
  • Activity, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 101.7%
  • Activity, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 100%
  • Activity, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 91.5%
  • Activity, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 14.9%
  • Activity, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 4.2%
  • Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 2.5%
  • Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 0.9%
  • Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 1.7%
  • Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 12.2%
  • Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 80.5%
  • Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 88.8%
  • Property income, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 4.7%
  • Property income, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 4.9%
  • Property income, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 8%
  • Property income, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 11.3%
  • Property income, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 18.2%
  • Property income, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 20.6%
  • CSG on earnings, 2024 €108.2bn
  • CSG on replacement income, 2024 €27.4bn
  • CSG on capital income, 2024 €17.6bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €120.1bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €171.4bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €192.7bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €195.4bn
  • Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €54.8bn
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
  • Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
  • Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % 9.2%
  • Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % 14.8%
  • Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % 16.6%
  • Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % 19%
  • Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % 16.7%
  • Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % 23.6%
  • Retirees of a direct pension resident in France, end 2022 16,062
  • Survivors' pension recipients resident in France, end 2022 3,826.9
  • Average survivor's pension, residents, end 2022 €739
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 18 to 29 9,604.8
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 30 to 39 39,220
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49 61,021.6
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59 88,312
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 60 to 69 77,237.5
  • Gross wealth, weight of ages 70 to 100 99,190.8
  • 50–64, people, 2024 13.3 million
  • Everyone, people, 2024 68.8 million
Result
33.5%

Why believe this?

65–79, Corporate tax

€22.3bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.

Calculation

Computed as
Corporate tax × 65–79, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100
From
  • Corporate tax €81.2bn
  • 65–79, share of Corporate tax by age profile 27.5%
Result
€22.3 billion

Why believe this?

Lenders in France

€64.4bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The part of borrowing lent by resident banks, insurers, funds and households.

Calculation

Computed as
Borrowing × Share of net borrowing from other lenders in France ÷ 100
From
  • Borrowing €169.1bn
  • Share of net borrowing from other lenders in France 38.1%
Result
€64.4 billion

Why believe this?

Public debt held by the central bank, end 2023

€660.9bnObserved2023

Definition

What it counts
Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10dd_ggd (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=GD maturity=TOTAL sector2=S121 time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€660,930.0 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-06-05, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Public debt held by the central bank, end 2024

€636.6bnObserved2024

Definition

What it counts
Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.

Source

Source
Eurostat, dataset gov_10dd_ggd (browse the table)
Exact cell
geo=FR unit=MIO_EUR sector=S13 na_item=GD maturity=TOTAL sector2=S121 time=2024 · query this cell
As published
€636,628.0 million
Dataset version
updated 2026-06-05, read 2026-10-14

Calculation

Transformation
Divided by 1,000 to give billions, then rounded for display.

Why believe this?

Taxes on income and wealth, 2024

€266.8bnEstimated2024

Definition

What it counts
The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.

Calculation

Computed as
CSG on earnings and benefits + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth
From
Result
€266.8 billion