Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 14,000 to 16,000 euros, 2023, file weights
257,784Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 12, weight summed over sectors
Published
24 March 2026
As published
257,784
Read
2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 0 to 200 euros, 2023, file weights
3,468Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 40 to 49, band 00, weight summed over sectors
Published
24 March 2026
As published
3,468
Read
2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights
641,160Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 40 to 49, band 23, weight summed over sectors
Published
24 March 2026
As published
641,160
Read
2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 8,000 to 10,000 euros, 2023, file weights
170,472Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 09, weight summed over sectors
Published
24 March 2026
As published
170,472
Read
2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 18,000 to 20,000 euros, 2023, file weights
347,196Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 14, weight summed over sectors
Published
24 March 2026
As published
347,196
Read
2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 1,500 to 2,000 euros, 2023, file weights
42,948Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.
data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 04, weight summed over sectors
Published
24 March 2026
As published
42,948
Read
2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023
€3,102Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.
Calculation
Computed as
Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 × Mean disposable income of households, ages 50 to 64, 2023 ÷ 100
From
Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 6.2%
Mean disposable income of households, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €50,040
Result
€3,102
Why believe this?
Everyone, Exclusion sociale, Insee
€33.9bnEstimated2023
Definition
What it counts
A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.
Caveat
Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid.
geo=FRunit=EURsector=TOT_SECisced11=ED1time=2023 · query this cell
As published
€8,352
Dataset version
updated 2026-09-15, read 2026-10-14
Calculation
Transformation
None: shown as published, rounded.
Why believe this?
0–2, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile
15%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).
From
Departments' help at home to the elderly, 2024, € thousands 4.5 million
Departments' help to the elderly in care homes, 2024, € thousands 4.0 million
Departments' help at home to the disabled, 2024, € thousands 3.8 million
Departments' help to the disabled in care homes, 2024, € thousands 6.8 million
Departments' child welfare, 2024, € thousands 11.7 million
Share of French companies' equity held outside France
20.2%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
Listed and unlisted shares held by the rest of the world, as a share of the shares issued by non-financial and financial corporations, at the end of the year (financial accounts).
Shares that French companies hold in one another count in the denominator, so a chain of holdings inside France dilutes the share held abroad; the listed-only figure of the Banque de France is the upper end of the range.
Calculation
Computed as
Shares held by the rest of the world ÷ (Shares issued by non-financial corporations + Shares issued by financial corporations) × 100
0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile
0%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 14.5%
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 15.6%
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 16.9%
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 19.5%
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 15.9%
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 14.9%
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 99.2%
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 101.7%
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 100%
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 91.5%
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 14.9%
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 4.2%
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 2.5%
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 0.9%
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 1.7%
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 12.2%
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 80.5%
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 88.8%
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 4.7%
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 4.9%
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 8%
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 11.3%
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 18.2%
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 20.6%
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023
14.5%Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.
Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column B
Published
17 February 2026
As published
14.5%
Read
2026-10-14
Why believe this?
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023
88.8%Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.
Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 8 “Pensions et retraites”, column G
Published
17 February 2026
As published
88.8%
Read
2026-10-14
Why believe this?
0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth
€0mEstimated2024
Definition
What it counts
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100
0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile 0%
Result
€0.0 billion
Why believe this?
3–10, Education
€45.9bnEstimated2024
Definition
What it counts
Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Education × 3–10, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).
30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile
23.2%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €120.1bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €171.4bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €192.7bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €195.4bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €54.8bn
Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
30–39, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile
8.3%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts
From
Everyone, Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.), Insee €80.8bn
30–39, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile 5%
Everyone, Aides au logement et chèque énergie, Insee €16.1bn
30–39, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile 20.4%
Everyone, Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale, Insee €18.9bn
30–39, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile 12.2%
Result
8.3%
Why believe this?
30–39, share of Taxes on products by age profile
13.6%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).
Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Collective services × 40–49, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100
40–49, share of Collective services by age profile 12.4%
Result
€41.7 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, Taxes on products
€43.1bnEstimated2024
Definition
What it counts
VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
Caveat
Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.
Calculation
Computed as
40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)
The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
Caveat
An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100
40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile 16.3%
Result
€2.9 billion
Why believe this?
40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile
25.8%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €120.1bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €171.4bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €192.7bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €195.4bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €54.8bn
Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Subsidies on products × 50–64, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100
50–64, share of Subsidies on products by age profile 21.6%
Result
€9.6 billion
Why believe this?
65–79, share of Health care by age profile
30.2%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).
From
Public health insurance reimbursement per person, 2023 €2,496
65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile
1.8%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €120.1bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €171.4bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €192.7bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €195.4bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €54.8bn
Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
Computed as
0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions
The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
Caveat
An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100
VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
Caveat
Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.
Calculation
Computed as
11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)
Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.
Calculation
Computed as
3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services
Everyone, Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé, Insee €19.3bn
30–39, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile 7%
Result
12.7%
Why believe this?
30–39, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile
12.2%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
Computed as
40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
Computed as
50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions
80 and over, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile
6.1%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).
Mean total net pay of employees aged 14 to 29 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023
€62,320Estimated2023
Definition
What it counts
The mean of a Pareto tail above 50,000 euros whose coefficient α matches the employees paid 40,000 euros or more and 50,000 euros or more.
Calculation
Computed as
50,000 × α ÷ (α − 1), α = ln((Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights + Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights) ÷ Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights) ÷ ln(50,000 ÷ 40,000)
From
Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights 111,648
Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights 53,376
Result
€62,320
Why believe this?
3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile
0%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €119.2bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €169.3bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €193.5bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €197.8bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €59bn
Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile
22.8%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €119.2bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €169.3bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €193.5bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €197.8bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €59bn
Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100
Share of French companies' equity held outside France 20.2%
Result
€6.6 billion
Why believe this?
0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile
0%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion €111.8bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion €162.1bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion €183bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion €185.9bn
Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion €52.1bn
Self-employment income per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023 €1,480
Self-employment income per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023 €3,236
Self-employment income per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023 €2,889
Self-employment income per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023 €3,102
Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023 €1,013
Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023 €827
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile
2.6%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100
40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile 20.2%
Result
€5.1 billion
Why believe this?
50–64, transfers received
€268.3bnEstimated2024
Definition
What it counts
Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.
Calculation
Computed as
50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100
80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile 5%
Result
€5.2 billion
Why believe this?
3–10, CSG
€0mEstimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile
0%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).
VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
Caveat
Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.
Calculation
Computed as
80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile 0%
Result
€0.0 billion
Why believe this?
0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile
0%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100
3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile 0%
Result
€0.0 billion
Why believe this?
11–17, share of Income tax by age profile
0%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
From
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 14.5%
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 15.6%
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 16.9%
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 19.5%
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 15.9%
Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 14.9%
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 99.2%
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 101.7%
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 100%
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 91.5%
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 14.9%
Activity, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 4.2%
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 2.5%
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 0.9%
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 1.7%
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 12.2%
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 80.5%
Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 88.8%
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 4.7%
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 4.9%
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 8%
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 11.3%
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 18.2%
Property income, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 20.6%
11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile
0.7%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile
27%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100
50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile 23%
Result
€33.3 billion
Why believe this?
80 and over, Other contributions
€440mEstimated2024
Definition
What it counts
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile 0.2%
Result
€0.4 billion
Why believe this?
0–2, CSG on capital income
€0mEstimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
Caveat
An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100
0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile 0%
Result
€0.0 billion
Why believe this?
0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile
0%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile 12.7%
Result
€24.2 billion
Why believe this?
30–39, Taxes on products
€42.2bnEstimated2024
Definition
What it counts
VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.
Caveat
Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion.
Calculation
Computed as
30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile 27.8%
Result
€53.0 billion
Why believe this?
50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile
35%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile
0.2%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.
Calculation
Computed as
0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services
Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100
0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile 0%
Result
€0.0 billion
Why believe this?
11–17, transfers received
€128.6bnEstimated2024
Definition
What it counts
Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.
Calculation
Computed as
11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services
Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.
Caveat
A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time.
Calculation
Computed as
Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100
11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile 0.6%
Result
€0.2 billion
Why believe this?
18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile
14.8%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
Computed as
50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
Computed as
65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions
Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.
Calculation
Computed as
18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions
The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.
Caveat
An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100
30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile 10.5%
Result
€1.8 billion
Why believe this?
11–17, transfers received
€127.9bnEstimated2024
Definition
What it counts
Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.
Calculation
Computed as
11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services
Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.
Calculation
Computed as
18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services
18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile
11.3%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile
10.5%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile
20.1%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.
Caveat
The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income.
Calculation
Computed as
Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).
Share of French companies' equity held outside France 20.2%
Result
€16.4 billion
Why believe this?
Share of net borrowing from abroad
73.9%Estimated2024
Definition
What it counts
A holder's net take-up of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders': the change in its holdings at face value.
Caveat
Net take-up at face value: the change in what each sector holds over the year, which also moves when bonds change hands between sectors. Eurostat does not publish government debt transactions by holder; changes at face value carry no market revaluation, so they are the closest published measure. The total change in debt differs from the deficit by the stock-flow adjustment (cash buffers, premiums and discounts at issue), so the shares, not the amounts, are applied to the deficit.
Calculation
Computed as
(Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2024 − Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2023) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2024 − Public debt, all holders, end 2023) × 100
From
Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2023 €1,589bn
Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2024 €1,738bn